Search results for "PsyArXiv|Psychiatry"
showing 10 items of 5620 documents
Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis
2020
Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that entails many life transitions in living arrangements, relationships, education and employment, which can generate stress and psychological distress in the emerging adult. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of stress, coping styles, self-esteem and perceived social support in the distress of emerging adult women and men. The sample consists of 4816 people (50% females) from the Spanish general population, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years old. All participants were assessed through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Women scored higher …
Does religiosity ameliorate the negative impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on self-esteem?
2018
ABSTRACTA core issue in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fear of losing control. Religion may help individuals with OCD to maintain their self-esteem despite the challenge of coping with the unpredictability of life. Data of N = 200 OCD outpatients were assessed via questionnaires at five government hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. As predicted, high OCD significantly correlated with low self-esteem (r = −.20), and high religiosity was associated with high self-esteem (r = .18). Against the hypothesis, mediation analyses did not reveal an indirect effect of OCD on self-esteem via religiosity (b = −.02, p > .01), and OCD was associated with lowered religiosity (r = −.20). Sample char…
The Relationships Between the Dark Triad, the Moral Judgment Level, and the Students’ Disciplinary Choice
2016
Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between the personality traits of the Dark Triad, the moral judgment level, and the students’ disciplinary choice. It was hypothesized that students who major in higher business and management education show higher levels of the Dark Triad and lower levels of moral judgment competence (self-selection hypothesis). According to the indoctrination hypothesis it was assumed that the differences between business and management students and other students would be higher in advanced semesters. The findings suggest that business and management students show higher levels of the Dark Triad but not of moral judgment compete…
A reliability generalization meta‐analysis of self‐report measures of muscle dysmorphia
2020
This study is a reliability generalization meta‐analysis that reviews continuous measures used to assess muscle dysmorphia (MD): The Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, four different versions of the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory, Adonis Complex Questionnaire, and the Modified Dysmorphia Symptoms Questionnaire. A total of 15,156 individuals from 61 studies provided 73 reliability estimates (alpha coefficients and/or test–retest reliability coefficients) for this meta‐analysis. Random‐ and mixed‐effects models were applied in the statistical analyses. We present the average reliability estimates for each measure, moderator analysis of reliability estimat…
Rolling Psychodynamic Group for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Single-Group Study Using Multilevel Models
2017
Cocaine disorder has been shown to have an important impact on the success of treatments because it is often associated with social or occupational impairment, high relapse incidences and poor trea...
Which Facets of Mindfulness Protect Individuals from the Negative Experiences of Obsessive Intrusive Thoughts?
2018
Obsessive intrusive thoughts (OITs) are experienced by the majority of the general population, and in their more extreme forms are characteristic of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). These cognitions are said to exist on a continuum that includes differences in their frequency and associated distress. The key factors that contribute to an increased frequency and distress are how the individual appraises and responds to the OIT. Facets of mindfulness, such as nonjudgment and nonreactivity, offer an alternative approach to OITs than the negative appraisals and commonly utilised control strategies that often contribute to distress. Clarifying the role of facets of mindfulness in relation to…
The leftovers. The dead in life and social disappearance.
2020
Through an analysis of the TV series The Leftovers, we delve into the concept of "social disappearance" and into how it expresses the limits between life and death. The analysis focuses on the event that drives the plot: the mass disappearance of millions of people without reason. It has three moments: (1) the reconstruction of the order that the disappearance has broken; (2) the deviation of the mourning processes from their original logic; and (3) the acceptance that in the post-disappearance world nothing will be the same as before. The text offers some suggestions for thinking about possible lives in a world that is broken and with no promise of reconstruction, a world in which "social …
Dysfunctional beliefs about health and illness: a family study
2019
espanolLos modelos cognitivos sobre la hipocondria postulan que las experiencias tempranas con la enfermedad promueven el desarrollo de creencias disfuncionales sobre la enfermedad. Estas creencias pueden permanecer latentes y activarse ante un incidente critico. Los estudios publicados aportan datos que avalan de manera indirecta estos planteamientos. Teniendo en cuenta que en el nucleo familiar primario se comparten experiencias sobre la enfermedad, examinamos la relacion entre las creencias disfuncionales que los progenitores y sus descendientes mantienen sobre la enfermedad y los pensamientos, tales como la intolerancia a la incertidumbre y la sobreestimacion de la amenaza, y las relaci…
The Appearance Intrusions Questionnaire
2019
Abstract. This study aims to examine whether Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) related preoccupations might consist of unwanted intrusive cognitions, and if so, their degree of universality, its dimensionality from normality to BDD psychopathology, and their associations with symptom measures. The Appearance Intrusions Questionnaire (AIQ) was designed to assess intrusive thoughts related to appearance defects (AITs). A sample of 410 undergraduate university students completed a former 54-item version of the AIQ. Principal Components Analyses (PCA) and Parallel Analysis yielded a five-factor structure and a reduction to 27 items. The 27-items AIQ was examined in a new sample of 583 non-clinica…
Matching research and practice: Prediction of individual patient progress and dropout risk for basic routine outcome monitoring.
2021
OBJECTIVE Despite evidence showing that systematic outcome monitoring can prevent treatment failure, the practical conditions that allow for implementation are seldom met in naturalistic psychological services. In the context of limited time and resources, session-by-session evaluation is rare in most clinical settings. This study aimed to validate innovative prediction methods for individual treatment progress and dropout risk based on basic outcome monitoring. METHODS Routine data of a naturalistic psychotherapy outpatient sample were analyzed (N = 3902). Patients were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy with up to 95 sessions (M = 39.19, SD = 16.99) and assessment intervals of 5-15…